In 2001, a temporary screening facility was added to the entrance to prevent a terrorist attack. Fifty American flags fly on a large circle of poles centered on the monument. At the northeast corner of the foundation, 21 feet (6.4 m) below ground, is the marble cornerstone, including a zinc case filled with memorabilia. The monument's present foundation is 37 feet (11.3 m) thick, consisting of half of its original bluestone gneiss rubble encased in concrete. Two aluminum lightning rods, connected by the elevator support columns to groundwater, protect the monument. The pyramidion has eight observation windows, two per side, and eight red aircraft warning lights, two per side.
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These landings allowed many inscribed memorial stones of various materials and sizes to be easily viewed while the stairs were accessible (until 1976), plus one memorial stone between stairs that is difficult to view. The stairs are in fifty sections, most on the north and south walls, with many long landings stretching between them along the east and west walls. The interior is occupied by iron stairs that spiral up the walls, with an elevator in the center, each supported by four iron columns, which do not support the stone structure. The upper 350 feet (106.7 m) of the walls, built in the second phase, 1880–1884, are of finished marble surface stones, half of which project into the walls, partly backed by finished granite stones. The bottom 150 feet (45.7 m) of the walls, built during the first phase, from 1848 to 1854, are composed of a pile of bluestone gneiss rubble stones (not finished stones) held together by a large amount of mortar with a facade of semi-finished marble stones about 1 + 1⁄ 4 feet (0.4 m) thick. The top of the pyramidion is a large, marble capstone with a small aluminum pyramid at its apex, with inscriptions on all four sides. The marble pyramidion's walls are 7 inches (18 cm) thick, supported by six arches: two between opposite walls, which cross at the center of the pyramidion, and four smaller, corner arches. Its walls are 15 feet (4.6 m) thick at its base and 1 + 1⁄ 2 feet (0.46 m) thick at their top. The Washington Monument is a hollow Egyptian-style stone obelisk with a 500-foot (152.4 m) tall column surmounted by a 55-foot (16.8 m) tall pyramidion. The cornerstone was laid on Jthe first stone was laid atop the unfinished stump on Augthe capstone was set on Decemthe completed monument was dedicated on Februand officially opened October 9, 1888. The original design was by Robert Mills (1781–1855), of South Carolina but construction omitted his proposed colonnade, for lack of funds, proceeding only with a bare obelisk. A difference in shading of the marble, visible about 150 feet (46 m) or 27% up, shows where construction was halted and later resumed with marble from a different source. Although the stone structure was completed in 1884, internal ironwork, the knoll, and installation of memorial stones were not completed until 1888. Previously, the tallest structure was the Cologne Cathedral.Ĭonstruction of the presidential memorial began in 1848 it was halted from 1854 to 1877 by lack of funds, a struggle for control over the Washington National Monument Society, and the American Civil War. It was the tallest structure in the world between 18, after which it was overtaken by the Eiffel Tower, in Paris. It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are measured above their pedestrian entrances. Geodetic Survey in 2013–2014 or 555 feet 5 + 1⁄ 8 inches (169.294 m) tall, according to the National Park Service's 1884 measurements. Standing east of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial, the monument, made of marble, granite, and bluestone gneiss, is both the world's tallest predominantly stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing 554 feet 7 + 11⁄ 32 inches (169.046 m) tall according to measurements by the U.S. The Washington Monument is an obelisk-shaped building, on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, commander-in-chief of the Continental Army (1775–1784) in the American Revolutionary War and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). Washington Monument (the United States) Show map of the United States
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